The effects of warming on floral biology and flower resource production in S. Further, the sugar concentration in the nectar from eT was 39% higher than in the Control. capitata flower opening occurred ~45В min earlier compared to non-warmed treatments, and flowers remained opened for only ~3В h. The effects of treatments on the time of flower opening and closing, sugar concentration in the nectar, and plantвЂ“flower visitor interactions were assessed. The tested treatments were: irrigated and ambient canopy temperature ( Control) non-irrigated and ambient canopy temperature ( wS) irrigated and elevated canopy temperature ( eT, +2В вЊ above ambient canopy temperature) and non-irrigated and elevated canopy temperature ( wSeT).

We used a temperature-free air-controlled enhancement (T-FACE) facility to simulate future warming scenarios by increasing canopy temperature. This study analyzes the effects of warming and two soil water conditions on interactions between the tropical forage legume species Stylosanthes capitata and its floral visitors during the flowering period. Currently, there is little information about how future climate change scenarios will impact interactions between plants and their flower visitors in the tropics.

The reproductive success of a zoophilous plant species depends on biological interaction with pollinators, which involves both the provision and exploitation of flower resources.

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